Metabolic, Biochemical, and Cardiovascular Changes
during the practice of
the Transcendental Meditation Programme
Title: Circadian rhythm alteration by a mental
technique for stress reduction.
Findings: Biochemical indications of decreased stress
(lower levels of ACTH, beta-endorphin, CD4 lymphocytes, and
higher levels of natural killer cells, implying increased
protection from cancer).
INFANTE, J. R.; SAMANIEGO, F.; MARTINEZ, M.; ROLDAN, A.;
HORTAS, M.; LOPEZ, E.; CASTEJON, J.; POYATOS, R.; PERAN, F.; and
GARRIDO, F. Circadian rhythm alteration by a mental technique
for stress reduction. European Journal of Endocrinology (formerly
Acta Endocrinologica) Supplement 2, Vol. 130, Oslo, Norway,
1994.
Recent Research 440.
Title: Altered responses of cortisol, GH, TSH,
and testosterone to acute stress after four months' practice of
Transcendental Meditation (TM).
Findings: More adaptive biochemical response to stress:
decreased baseline cortisol and decreased overall cortisol
during stress session. Decreased TSH response to stress.
Increased GH response to stress. Increased testosterone
response to stress.
MACLEAN, C. R. K.; WALTON, K. G.; WENNEBERG, S. R.; LEVITSKY,
D. K.; MANDARINO, J. V.; WAZIRI, R.; and SCHNEIDER, R. H.
Altered responses of cortisol, GH, TSH, and testosterone to
acute stress after four months' practice of Transcendental
Meditation (TM). Presented at the New York Academy of Sciences
meeting on Brain Corticosteroid Receptors: Studies on the
Mechanism, Function, and Neurotoxicity of Corticosteroid Action,
Arlington, VA, March 2-5, 1994.
Recent Research 439.
Title: Relationship between subjective bliss,
5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid and the collective practice of
Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.
Findings: Increased serotonin turnover and subjective
experience of bliss during practice of the Transcendental
Meditation technique and in daily activity correlated with the
size of a group of TM-Sidhi participants.
LÖLIGER, S. A. Relationship between subjective bliss,
5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid and the collective practice of
Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.
Summary of Doctoral Dissertation, Maharishi University of
Management, U.S.A. Dissertation Abstracts International 52(1):
551, 1990.
Recent Research 438.
Title: Altered cortisol response to stress
after four months practice of the Transcendental Meditation
program.
Findings: Improved adaptation to stress: reduced
cortisol levels in non-stressful situations and enhanced
cortisol response during stressful challenge with rapid return
to baseline.
MACLEAN, C. R. K.; WALTON, K. G.; WENNEBERG, S. R.; LEVITSKY,
D. K. MANDARINO, J. V.; WAZIRI, R.; and SCHNEIDER, R. H. Altered
cortisol response to stress after four months practice of the
Transcendental Meditation program. Society for Neuroscience
Abstracts 18(2): 1541, 1992.
Recent Research 437.
Title: Alterations in Plasma Serotonin
Reactivity to Laboratory Stress after Four Months Practice of
the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program.
Findings: Decreased baseline plasma serotonin relative
to controls. (In contrast to whole body serotonin metabolism,
low plasma serotonin indicates deceased stress and decreased
risk of high blood pressure.)
MACLEAN, C. R. K.; WALTON, K. G.; WENNEBERG, S. R.; LEVITSKY,
D. K.; WAZIRI, R.; and SCHNEIDER, R. H. Alterations in Plasma
Serotonin Reactivity to Laboratory Stress after Four Months
Practice of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program.
Presented at the Second International Symposium on Serotonin
from All Biology and Pharmacology Therapeutics. Houston, TX,
September, 1992.
Recent Research 436.
Title: Stress and serotonin turnover in normal
subjects: relation to serotonin deficiencies in mental
disorders.
Findings: Increased whole body serotonin metabolism.
Reduced mood disturbance.
WALTON, K. G.; GELDERLOOS, P.; PUGH, N.; MACRAE, P. .
GODDARD, P.; MACLEAN, C.; and LEVITSKY, D. Stress and serotonin
turnover in normal subjects: relation to serotonin deficiencies
in mental disorders. Abstract presented at the 5th International
Congress of Psychophysiology, Budapest, Hungary, 9-13 July,
1990.
Recent Research 435.
Title: Indole-mediated adaptation: Does
melatonin mediate resistance to stress in humans?
Findings: Decreased melatonin turnover. Decreased
state-trait anxiety.
WALTON, K. G.; BROWN, G. M.; PUGH , N.; MACLEAN C.; and
GELDERLOOS, P. Indole-mediated adaptation: Does melatonin
mediate resistance to stress in humans? Society for
Neuroscience Abstracts 16: 273, 1990.
Recent Research 434.
Title: Beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity,
autonomic balance and serotonergic activity in practitioners of
Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Decreased sensitivity to stress hormones.
Increased autonomic balance. More stable balance of the
physiology.
HILL, D. A. Beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity, autonomic
balance and serotonergic activity in practitioners of
Transcendental Meditation. Doctoral dissertation, Maharishi
University of Management, U.S.A. Dissertation Abstracts
International 50(8): 3330-B, 1989.
Recent Research 433.
Title: Can time series analysis of serotonin
turnover test the theory that consciousness is a field?
Findings: Increased serotonin turnover correlated with
group size of TM-Sidhi participants.
PUGH, N. D.; WALTON, K. G.; and CAVANAUGH, K. L. Can time
series analysis of serotonin turnover test the theory that
consciousness is a field? Society for Neuroscience Abstracts
14: 372, 1988.
Recent Research 432.
Title: Elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone
sulfate levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation
(TM) and TM-Sidhi program.
Findings: Indications of younger biological age:
increased DHEAS levels in female and older male practitioners
of the TM and TM-Sidhi program.
GLASER, J. L.; BRIND, J. L.; VOGELMAN, J. H.; EISNER , M. J.;
DILLBECK, M. C.; WALLACE, R. K.; and ORENTREICH, N. Elevated
serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in practitioners of
the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi program. A
version of this paper was published in Journal of Behavioral
Medicine 15(4): 327-341, 1992.
Recent Research 431.
Title: Luteinizing hormone: a marker for Type A
behaviour and its modification by the Transcendental Meditation
program?
Findings: Lower chronic stress: normal neuroendocrine
reactivity. Meditating Type A subjects showed healthy
neuroendocrine pattern.
SCHNEIDER, R. H.; MILLS, P. J.; SCHRAMM, W.; and WALLACE, R.
K. Luteinizing hormone: a marker for Type A behaviour and its
modification by the Transcendental Meditation program? Psychosomatic
Medicine 49: 212-213, 1987. (Refer also to Neuroendocrinology
Letters 9:181, 1987.)
Collected Papers v5.368.
Title: Lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors and
cardiovascular responsivity in TM participants and Type A
behaviour.
Findings: Improved stress reactivity: lower
beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity. Lower blood reactivity
to stress. Lower resting blood pressure. Lower resting
epinephrine level.
MILLS, P. J.; SCHNEIDER, R.; HILL, D.; WALTON, K.; and
WALLACE, R. K. Lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors and
cardiovascular responsivity in TM participants and Type A
behaviour. This is a summary of a paper presented at the Annual
Meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, March, 1987. (Refer also to Psychosomatic
Medicine 49: 211, 1987, and Journal of Psychosomatic
Research 33(6), 1989).
Collected Papers v5.367.
Title: Hormonal control in a state of decreased
activation: potentiation of arginine vasopressin secretion.
Findings: Hormonal growth: increased plasma level of
arginine vasopressin, associated with body fluid balance and
with learning and memory.
O'HALLORAN, J. P.; JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; SKOWSKY, R.;
WALSH, R. N.; and ALEXANDER, C. Hormonal control in a state of
decreased activation: potentiation of arginine vasopressin
secretion. Physiology and Behavior 35: 591-595, 1985.
Collected Papers v5.366.
Title: Behaviourally-induced alterations in
human urinary 5-hydroxyindoles.
Findings: Neurotransmitter modulation: change in daily
cycle of urinary 5-hydroxyindoles, metabolites related to
serotonin.
WALTON, K. G.; FRANCIS, D.; LEROM, M.; and TOURENNE, C.
Behaviourally-induced alterations in human urinary
5-hydroxyindoles. Transactions of the American Society for
Neurochemistry 14: 199, 1983.
Collected Papers v5.365.
Title: Plasma thyroid hormones, thyroid
stimulating hormone, and insulin during acute hypometabolic
states in man.
Findings: More efficient neuroendocrine regulation:
reduction of pituitary hormone TSH with maintenance of thyroid
hormones and insulin levels. Lower baseline TSH levels in
long-term TM participants.
JEVNING, R.; WELLS, I.; WILSON, A. F.; and GUICH, S. Plasma
thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone, and insulin
during acute hypometabolic states in man. Physiology and
Behavior 40: 603-606, 1987.
Collected Papers v5.364.
Title: Long-term endocrinologic changes in
subjects practising the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program.
Findings: Increased endocrinological efficiency:
long-term reduction in basal levels of pituitary hormones
(TSH, growth hormone, and prolactin), with maintenance of
adrenal and thyroid hormone levels.
WERNER, O. R.; WALLACE, R. K.; CHARLES, B.; JANSSEN, G.;
STRYKER, T.; and CHALMERS, R. A. Long-term endocrinologic
changes in subjects practising the Transcendental Meditation and
TM-Sidhi program. Psychosomatic Medicine 48(1/2): 59-65,
1986.
Collected Papers v5.363.
Title: Modulation of red cell metabolism by
states of decreased activation: comparison between states.
Findings: A unique state of deep rest: marked decline
of red cell metabolism.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; PIRKLE, H.; GUICH, S.; and WALSH,
R. N. Modulation of red cell metabolism by states of decreased
activation: comparison between states. Physiology and
Behavior 35: 679-682, 1985.
Collected Papers v5.362.
Title: Marked reduction of forearm carbon
dioxide production during states of decreased metabolism.
Findings: Unique state of deep rest: reduced difference
between arterial and venous co2 content in forearm metabolism.
WILSON, A. F.; JEVNING, R.; and GUICH, S. Marked reduction of
forearm carbon dioxide production during states of decreased
metabolism. Physiology and Behavior 41: 347-352, 1987.
Collected Papers v5.361.
Title: The effects of the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programme on DNA repair.
Findings: Unique pattern of DNA repair.
SHARMA, H. M., and STEPHENS, R. E. The effects of the
Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programme on DNA repair.
Presented in part at the Federation of the American Society of
Experimental Biologists meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, April
1986.
Collected Papers v5.360.
Title: An experimental study: pulmonary
ventilation during the Transcendental Meditation technique and
applications in preventive medicine.
Findings: A unique state of deep rest: lower oxygen
consumption per kilo body weight during and outside the
practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique.
GARNIER, D.; CAZABAT, A.; THÉBAULT, P.; and GAUGE, P. An
experimental study: pulmonary ventilation during the
Transcendental Meditation technique and applications in
preventive medicine. Summary of a paper that appeared in Est-Médicine
4(76): 867-870, 1984.
Collected Papers v5.359.
Title: Modifications neurophysiologiques et
respiratoires lors de la pratique des techniques de relaxation.
Findings: A unique state of deep rest: lower heart
rate. Decreased breath rate. Episodes of spontaneous
respiratory suspension (without compensatory
hyperventilation). Increased alertness: faster reaction time
after the practice. Lower heart rate outside the practice.
GALLOIS, P. Modifications neurophysiologiques et
respiratoires lors de la pratique des techniques de relaxation. L'Encéphale
10: 139-144, 1984.
Collected Papers v5.358.
Title: The reduction in metabolic rate and
heart rate of man during meditation.
Findings: A unique state of deep rest: reduction in
metabolic rate. Reduction in heart rate.
FARRELL, D. J. The reduction in metabolic rate and heart rate
of man during meditation. Energy Metabolism, Lawrence E.
Mount (Ed.), E.A.A.P. Publication # 26, Butterworth & Co.
(Publishers) Ltd. Australia. 279-282, 1980.
Collected Papers v5.357.
Title: Physiological differences between
Transcendental Meditation and rest.
Findings: A unique state of deep rest: meta-analysis of
31 studies. Higher basal skin resistance. Lower respiration
rate. Lower plasma lactate. Lower baseline levels of
spontaneous skin resistance responses, respiration rate, heart
rate, and plasma lactate.
DILLBECK, M. C., and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. Physiological
differences between Transcendental Meditation and rest. American
Psychologist 42: 879-881, 1987.
Collected Papers v5.356.
Title:
Findings: Decreased minute ventilation (decreased tidal
volume). Increased basal skin resistance. Periodic breath
suspension. Changes in chemical and neural control of
breathing.
WOLKOVE, N.; KREISMAN, H.; DARRAGH, D.; COHEN, C.; and FRANK,
H. Effect of Transcendental Meditation on breathing and
respiratory control. Journal of Applied Physiology:
Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology 56(3):
607-612, 1984.
Collected Papers v4.293.
Title: Metabolic control in a state of
decreased activation: modulation of red cell metabolism.
Findings: Fundamental change in cellular metabolism:
reduced glucose metabolism in red blood cells. Normal arterial
oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures. Reduction in
biochemical index of stress: reduced spontaneous skin
resistance responses.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; PIRKLE, H.; O'HALLORAN, J. P.;
and WALSH, R. N. Metabolic control in a state of decreased
activation: modulation of red cell metabolism. American
Journal of Physiology 245 (Cell Physiol. 14): C457-C461,
1983.
Collected Papers v4.292.
Title: Forearm blood flow and metabolism during
stylised and unstylized states of decreased activation.
Findings: Indication of deep rest: decreased oxygen
consumption in muscle tissue. Reduction in biochemical index
of stress: decreased arterial lactate levels.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; O'HALLORAN, J. P.; and WALSH, R.
N. Forearm blood flow and metabolism during stylised and
unstylized states of decreased activation. American Journal
of Physiology 245 (Regulatory, Integrative, and
Comparative Physiology 14): R110- R116, 1983.
Collected Papers v4.291.
Title: Behaviourally induced secretion of
arginine vasopressin.
Findings: Changes in hormonal balance: increased plasma
vasopressin levels at regular twice daily practice of the
Transcendental Meditation technique. Indication of deep rest:
increased basal skin resistance. Lower state and trait
anxiety.
O'HALLORAN, J. P.; JEVNING, R. A.; WILSON, A. F.; SKOWSKY,
R.; and ALEXANDER, C. N. Behaviourally induced secretion of
arginine vasopressin. Departments of Medicine and Physiology,
University of California at Irvine, Orange, California, U.S.A.;
Department of Endocrinology, Long Beach Veteran's Administration
Hospital, Long Beach, California, U.S.A.; and Department of
Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1983.
Collected Papers v3.208.
Title: Muscle and skin blood flow and
metabolism during states of decreased activation.
Findings: Indication of deep rest: decreased oxygen
consumption in muscle tissue.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and O'HALLORAN, J. P. Muscle and
skin blood flow and metabolism during states of decreased
activation. Physiology & Behavior 29(2): 343-348,
1982.
Collected Papers v3.207.
Title: Endocrine balance and the TM-Sidhi
program.
Findings: Changes in hormonal balance as a result of
the TM-Sidhi program: short- and long-term changes in
pituitary hormone levels indicative of increased stability and
sensitivity in endocrine control systems.
WERNER, O.; WALLACE, R. K.; CHARLES, B.; JANSSEN, G.; and
CHALMERS, R. Endocrine balance and the TM-Sidhi program.
Maharishi European Research University, Seelisberg, Switzerland,
and Department of Biology, Maharishi University of Management,
Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1982.
Collected Papers v3.206.
Title: Breath suspension during the
Transcendental Meditation technique.
Findings: Experience of pure consciousness associated
with: periodic breath suspension. Marked reductions in
metabolic rate (oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide
elimination), mean respiration rate, and minute ventilation
rate. Reduced heart rate. Increased basal skin resistance.
Stable phasic skin resistance. Increased EEG coherence in
theta, alpha and beta bands.
FARROW, J. T., and, Hebert J. R. Breath suspension during the
Transcendental Meditation technique. Psychosomatic Medicine
44(2):133-153, 1982.
Collected Papers v3.205.
Title: Practice of the Transcendental
Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi Programme may affect the circadian
rhythm of urinary 5-hydroxyindole excretion.
Findings: Changes in serotonergic activity: increased
urinary 5-hydroxyindole excretion.
WALTON, K. G.; LEROM, M.; SALERNO, J.; and WALLACE, R. K.
Practice of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi
Programme may affect the circadian rhythm of urinary
5-hydroxyindole excretion. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts
7: 48, 1981.
Collected Papers v3.204.
Title: Behavioural control of red blood cell
metabolism.
Findings: Fundamental change in cellular metabolism:
reduced glucose metabolism in red blood cells.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and PIRKLE, H. C. Behavioural
control of red blood cell metabolism. Departments of Medicine,
Physiology, and Pathology, University of California at Irvine,
Orange, California, U.S.A., 1981.
Collected Papers v3.203.
Title: Neurohumoral correlates of
Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Changes in biochemical and hormonal balance
outside the practice of the Transcendental Meditation
technique: decreased levels of catecholamine and steroid
metabolites. Decreased plasma cortisol levels. Improved
cardiovascular health: decreased serum cholesterol levels.
Benefits for patients with aggressive behaviour, mental
retardation, and epilepsy: normalisation of neurotransmitter
metabolite levels, plasma cortisol levels, and EEG features.
Decreased aggression in aggressive patients. Improved iq and
cognitive functioning in mentally retarded subjects. Reduction
of frequency and severity of epileptic seizures in epileptic
patients.
SUBRAHMANYAM, S., and PORKODI, K. Neurohumoral correlates of
Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Biomedicine 1:
73-88, 1980.
Collected Papers v3.202.
Title: Change in cardiac output during
Transcendental Meditation as measured by non-invasive impedance
plethysmography.
Findings: Changes in cardiac output and stroke volume.
ROBERTSON, D. W., and PETERSON, J. W. Change in cardiac
output during Transcendental Meditation as measured by
non-invasive impedance plethysmography. Departments of Physical
Education and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas, U.S.A., 1980.
Collected Papers v3.201.
Title: Endocrine changes in Transcendental
Meditation.
Findings: Biochemical indications of reduced stress:
decreased serum growth hormone levels. Decreased serum
cortisol levels. Decreased serum triiodothyronine levels.
BEVAN, A. J. W. Endocrine changes in Transcendental
Meditation. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and
Physiology 7: 75-76 (Abstract), 1980.
Collected Papers v3.200.
Title: Short-term endocrine changes in
Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Changes in hormonal balance: decreased serum
growth hormone levels.
BEVAN, A. J. W.; SYMONS, R. G.; BENG, C. G.; and WELLBY, M.
L. Short-term endocrine changes in Transcendental Meditation. Proceedings
of the Endocrine Society of Australia 2 (Abstract 56), 1979.
Collected Papers v3.199.
Title: Sympathetic activity and Transcendental
Meditation.
Findings: Integration of opposite styles of
physiological functioning: simultaneous increased activity of
sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of autonomic nervous
system.
LANG, R.; DEHOF, K.; MEURER, K. A.; and KAUFMANN, W.
Sympathetic activity and Transcendental Meditation. Journal
of Neural Transmission 44: 117-135, 1979.
Collected Papers v3.198.
Title: Physiological and phenomenological
aspects of Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Experience of pure consciousness associated
with: marked reductions in respiration and heart rates.
Periodic breath suspension. Absence of spontaneous skin
resistance responses. Maintenance of relaxed style of
physiological functioning outside of the practice of the
Transcendental Meditation technique: fewer spontaneous skin
resistance responses.
SEVEREIDE, C. J. Physiological and phenomenological aspects
of Transcendental Meditation. Master's thesis (abbr.),
Department of Psychology, University of Trondheim, Trondheim,
Norway, 1979.
Collected Papers v3.197.
Title: Endocrinological changes following
instruction in the TM-Sidhi program.
Findings: Changes in hormonal balance as a result of
the TM-Sidhi program: short- and long-term changes in
pituitary hormone levels indicative of increased sensitivity
in endocrine control systems.
ARNHOLD, E.; CHARLES, B. M.; GANDHI, J. S.; BRAGG, M. C.; and
RIGBY, B. P. Endocrinological changes following instruction in
the TM-Sidhi program. In XIVth International Congress of
Internal Medicine Abstracts, Rome, Italy, October 1978, p.
363. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.
Collected Papers v3.196.
Title: Behavioural increase of cerebral blood
flow.
Findings: Large increase in blood flow to the brain.
JEVNING, R., and WILSON, A. F. Behavioural increase of
cerebral blood flow. The Physiologist 21: 60 (Abstract),
1978.
Collected Papers v3.195.
Title: Redistribution of blood flow in acute
hypometabolic behaviour.
Findings: Changes in regional blood flow and cardiac
output indicative of increased blood flow to the brain.
Reduction in biochemical index of stress: decreased arterial
lactate levels. Indication of deep rest: decreased respiratory
minute volume.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; SMITH, W. R.; and MORTON, M. E.
Redistribution of blood flow in acute hypometabolic behaviour. American
Journal of Physiology 235(1): R89-R92, 1978.
Collected Papers v3.194.
Title: Die kreislaufphysiologischen
Auswirkungen bei der Transzendentalen Meditation.
Findings: Changes in cardiac output and stroke volume.
BAUHOFER, U. Die kreislaufphysiologischen Auswirkungen bei
der Transzendentalen Meditation. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg,
Würzburg, W. Germany. 1978.
Collected Papers v3.193.
Title: Plasma prolactin and growth hormone
during meditation.
Findings: Change in hormonal balance: small increase in
plasma prolactin levels following practice of the
Transcendental Meditation technique.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and VANDER LAAN, E. F. Plasma
prolactin and growth hormone during meditation. Psychosomatic
Medicine 40(4): 329-333, 1978.
Collected Papers v3.192.
Title: The Transcendental Meditation technique,
adrenocortical activity, and implications for stress.
Findings: Reduction in biochemical index of stress:
decreased plasma cortisol levels.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and SMITH, W. R. The
Transcendental Meditation technique, adrenocortical activity,
and implications for stress.
Collected Papers v3.191.
Title: Adrenocortical activity during
meditation.
Findings: Reduction in biochemical index of stress:
decreased plasma cortisol levels.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and DAVIDSON, J. M.
Adrenocortical activity during meditation. Hormones and
Behavior 10(1): 54-60, 1978. Experientia 34: 618-619,
1978.
Collected Papers v3.190.
Title: Behavioural alteration of plasma
phenylalanine concentration.
Findings: Increased plasma phenylalanine levels.
JEVNING, R.; PIRKLE, H. C.; and WILSON, A. F. Behavioural
alteration of plasma phenylalanine concentration. Physiology
&Behavior 19: 611-614, 1977.
Collected Papers v2.113.
Title: Altered red cell metabolism in TM.
Findings: Fundamental change in cellular metabolism:
reduced glucose metabolism in red blood cells.
JEVNING, R., and WILSON, A. F. Altered red cell metabolism in
TM. Psychophysiology 14: 94 (Abstract), 1977.
Collected Papers v2.112.
Title: Acute decline in adrenocortical activity
during Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Reduction in biochemical index of stress:
decreased plasma cortisol levels.
JEVNING, R., and WILSON, A. F. Acute decline in
adrenocortical activity during Transcendental Meditation.
Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine,
Orange, California, U.S.A., 1977.
Collected Papers v2.111.
Title: Serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine
metabolites in Transcendental Meditation technique.
Findings: Changes in neurotransmitter balance:
increased levels of serotonin metabolite (increased 5-hiaa
levels). Decreased levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline
metabolite (decreased vma levels) and higher levels of 5-HIAA
outside the practice of the Transcendental Meditation
technique.
BUJATTI, M., and RIEDERER, P. Serotonin, noradrenaline,
dopamine metabolites in Transcendental Meditation technique. Journal
of Neural Transmission 39: 257-267, 1976.
Collected Papers v2.110.
Title: Endocrine changes in relaxation
procedures.
Findings: Reduction in biochemical index of stress:
decreased plasma cortisol levels. Biochemical indication of
reduced stress during activity: decreased urinary free
cortisol levels.
BEVAN, A. J. W.; YOUNG, P. M.; WELLBY, M. L.; NENADOVIC, P.;
and DICKINS, J. A. Endocrine changes in relaxation procedures. Proceedings
of the Endocrine Society of Australia 19: 59 (Abstract),
1976.
Collected Papers v2.109.
Title: Ventilation, heart rate, and respiratory
partial pressures of athletes practising the Transcendental
Meditation technique.
Findings: Indications of deep rest in athletes:
decreased metabolic rate (decreased oxygen consumption and
decreased carbon dioxide elimination). Decreased respiration
rate. Decreased heart rate. Decreased minute ventilation.
STEHLE, R. Ventilation, heart rate, and respiratory partial
pressures of athletes practising the Transcendental Meditation
technique. Diplomarbeit (abbr.), Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln,
Cologne, W. Germany, 1975.
Collected Papers v2.108.
Title: Salivary electrolytes, protein, and pH
during Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Increased concentration of salivary
electrolytes and protein.
MCCUAIG, L. W. Salivary electrolytes, protein, and pH during
Transcendental Meditation. Experientia 30(9): 988-989,
1974.
Collected Papers v2.107.
Title: Redistribution of blood flow in
Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Changes in regional blood flow indicative of
increased blood flow to the brain.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; SMITH, W. R.; and MORTON, M.
Redistribution of blood flow in Transcendental Meditation.
Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine,
Orange, California, U.S.A. Paper presented at the American
Psychological Society, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.,
October 1975.
Collected Papers v2.106.
Title: Alterations in blood flow during
Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Changes in regional blood flow indicative of
increased blood flow to the brain.
JEVNING, R.; SMITH, R.; WILSON A. F.; and MORTON, M. E.
Alterations in blood flow during Transcendental Meditation. Psychophysiology
13: 168 (SPR Abstract # 20), 1976.
Collected Papers v2.105.
Title: Plasma amino acids during the
Transcendental Meditation technique: Comparison to sleep.
Findings: Increased plasma phenylalanine levels.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; and SMITH, W. R. Plasma amino
acids during the Transcendental Meditation technique: Comparison
to sleep. Findings previously published in Sleep research,
vol. 4, ed. M. H. Chase, W. C. Stern, and P. L. Walter, pp.
79-80 (Abstract). Los Angeles: Brain Information Service, Brain
Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California, U.S.A., 1975.
Collected Papers v1.13.
Title: Plasma prolactin and cortisol during
Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Reduction in biochemical index of stress:
decreased plasma cortisol levels. Small increase in plasma
prolactin immediately following transcendental meditation.
JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A.; VANDERLAAN, E.; and LEVINE, S.
Plasma prolactin and cortisol during Transcendental Meditation.
Findings previously published in The Endocrine Society
Program 57th Annual Meeting, New York City, 18-20 June 1975,
p. 257 (Abstract).
Collected Papers v1.12.
Title: Increased forearm blood flow during a
wakeful hypometabolic state.
Findings: Small increase in forearm blood flow.
LEVANDER, V. L., et al. Increased forearm blood flow during a
wakeful hypometabolic state. Federation Proceedings 31:
405 (Abstract), 1972.
Collected Papers v1.11.
Title: Decreased respiratory rate during the
Transcendental Meditation technique: A replication.
Findings: Indication of deep rest: decreased
respiration rate.
BAKKER, R. Decreased respiratory rate during the
Transcendental Meditation technique: A replication. Department
of Biology, California State College at Sonoma, Sonoma,
California, U.S.A., 1974.
Collected Papers v1.10.
Title: Reduction in metabolic rate during the
practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique.
Findings: Indications of deep rest: decreased metabolic
rate (decreased oxygen consumption and unchanged respiratory
quotient). Decreased tidal volume. Decreased respiration rate.
DHANARAJ, V. H., and SINGH, M. Reduction in metabolic rate
during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique.
Doctoral thesis of first author (summary), Department of
Physical Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada. Paper presented at the first Canadian Congress for
Multidisciplinary Study of Sport and Physical Activity, Quebec,
Canada, October 1973.
Collected Papers v1.9.
Title: Periodic suspension of respiration
during the Transcendental Meditation technique.
Findings: Maximum state of deep rest: episodes of
spontaneous breath suspension (not followed by
hyperventilation).
8. HEBERT, J. R. Periodic suspension of respiration during
the Transcendental Meditation technique. Psychophysiology
Laboratory, Centre for the Study of Higher States of
Consciousness, Maharishi European Research University,
Switzerland, 1976.
Collected Papers v1.8.
Title: Physiological changes associated with
transcendental consciousness, the state of least excitation of
consciousness.
Findings: Experience of transcendental consciousness
associated with: high EEG coherence in the theta, alpha, and
beta bands. Episodes of spontaneous breath suspension (not
followed by hyperventilation). Marked reductions in
respiration rate, minute ventilation, metabolic rate (oxygen
consumption and carbon dioxide elimination), and heart rate.
Increased basal skin resistance. Cessation of spontaneous skin
resistance response.
FARROW, J. T. Physiological changes associated with
transcendental consciousness, the state of least excitation of
consciousness. Psychophysiology Laboratory, Centre for the Study
of Higher States of Consciousness, Maharishi European Research
University, Switzerland, 1975.
Collected Papers v1.7.
Title: Airway conductance and oxygen
consumption changes associated with practice of the
Transcendental Meditation technique.
Findings: Increased ease of breathing: increased airway
conductance. Indications of deep rest: decreased metabolic
rate (decreased oxygen consumption and decreased carbon
dioxide elimination). Decreased heart rate. Maintenance of a
relaxed style of physiological functioning outside of
meditation: lower basal metabolic rate after meditation.
COREY, P. W. Airway conductance and oxygen consumption
changes associated with practice of the Transcendental
Meditation technique. University of Colorado Medical Center,
Denver, Colorado, U.S.A., 1973.
Collected Papers v1.6.
Title: Respiratory changes during
Transcendental Meditation.
Findings: Indication of deep rest: decreased
respiration rate.
ALLISON, J. Respiratory changes during Transcendental
Meditation. Lancet 7651: 833, 1970.
Collected Papers v1.5.
Title: The physiology of meditation.
Findings: Indications of Deep Rest along with Wakeful,
Ordered State of Brain Functioning: Decreased Metabolic Rate
(Decreased Oxygen Consumption and Decreased Carbon Dioxide
Elimination). Normal arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide
partial pressures. Decreased respiration rate. Decreased
minute ventilation. Decreased heart rate. Increased skin
resistance. Increased regularity and intensity of EEG alpha
activity in frontal and central regions. Reduction in
biochemical index of stress: decreased arterial lactate
levels.
WALLACE, R. K., et al. The physiology of meditation. Scientific
American 226: 84-90, 1972.
Collected Papers v1.4.
Title: A wakeful hypometabolic physiologic
state.
Findings: Indications of Deep Rest along with Wakeful,
Ordered State of Brain Functioning: Decreased Metabolic Rate
(Decreased Oxygen Consumption and Decreased Carbon Dioxide
Elimination). Normal arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide
partial pressures. Decreased respiration rate. Decreased
minute ventilation. Decreased heart rate. Increased basal skin
resistance. Increased regularity and intensity of eeg alpha
activity in frontal and central regions. Episodes of
rhythmical eeg theta activity in frontal region. Reduction in
biochemical index of stress: decreased arterial lactate
levels.
WALLACE, R. K., et al. A wakeful hypometabolic physiologic
state. American Journal of Physiology 221: 795-799, 1971.
Collected Papers v1.3.
Title: The physiological effects of
Transcendental Meditation: A proposed fourth major state of
consciousness.
Findings: Indications of Deep Rest along with Wakeful,
Ordered State of Brain Functioning: Decreased Metabolic Rate
(Decreased Oxygen Consumption and Decreased Carbon Dioxide
Elimination). Normal arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide
partial pressures. Decreased respiration rate. Decreased heart
rate. Increased basal skin resistance. Increased regularity
and intensity of EEG alpha activity in frontal and central
regions. Reduction in biochemical index of stress: decreased
arterial lactate levels. Self-reported improvements in
physical and mental health, and resistance to disease.
WALLACE, R. K. The physiological effects of Transcendental
Meditation: A proposed fourth major state of consciousness.
Doctoral thesis, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine,
University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California, U.S.A., 1970.
Collected Papers v1.2.
Title: Physiological effects of Transcendental
Meditation.
Findings: Indications of Deep Rest along with Wakeful,
Ordered State of Brain Functioning: Decreased Metabolic Rate
(Decreased Oxygen Consumption and Unchanged Respiratory
Quotient). Decreased minute ventilation. Decreased heart rate.
Increased basal skin resistance. Increased regularity and
intensity of EEG alpha activity.
WALLACE, R. K. Physiological effects of Transcendental
Meditation. Science 167: 1751-1754, 1970.
Collected Papers v1.1.
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